Unit C: Heat and Temperature
(emphasis on Social and Environmental context)
Overview: The production, transfer and transformation of heat energy plays an important role in meeting human
needs. In learning about heat, students investigate sources and uses of heat energy and consider the
impact of their use on our long-term ability to meet energy needs. In focusing their studies, students explore
different applications, investigate the scientific principles involved, and consider questions about the nature
of heat. The particle model of matter is introduced to help students explain
their observations and understand relationships between heat (Thermal energy) and temperature.
Focusing Questions: What heat-related technologies do we use to meet human needs, based
on what scientific principles?
What implications do these technologies have for sustainable use of resources?
Note: The terms heat energy and thermal energy may both be used in this unit. Heat energy is the more familiar
term for younger students and is useful in introducing the topic. The term thermal energy is the preferred scientific
term, and should be introduced during the unit to help prepare students for later grades.
STS and Knowledge Outcomes
Students will:Illustrate and explain how human needs
have led to technologies for obtaining and controlling thermal energy, and to increased use of energy resources
identify and explain uses
of technological
devices and systems to generate, transfer, control or remove thermal
energy (e.g., identify needs for devices or systems that will maintain a constant temperature) aquarium heaters
Students will: Describe the nature of thermal energy and
its effects on different forms of matter using informal observations, experimental evidence and models
compare heat transmission in different materials (e.g., compare
conduction of heat in different substances; compare the absorption of radiant heat by different surfaces)
Students will: Analyze issues related to the selection and
use of thermal technologies, and explain decisions in terms of advantages and disadvantages for sustainability